Italian Consonantal Visemes: Relationships Between Spatial/temporal Articulatory Characteristics and Coproduced Acoustic Signal

In order to identify the Italian consonantal visemes, to
verify the results of perceptive tests and elaborate rules
for bimodal synthesis and recognition, the 3D (lip
height, lip width, lower lip protrusion) lip target shapes
for all the 21 Italian consonants were determined.
Moreover, the spatio-temporal characteristics of the
closure/opening movements for the realisation of these
consonantal targets were studied relative to the lip
height (LH) parameter together with the temporal
relationships between the characteristics of this
articulatory movement and the co-produced acoustic
signal.